Martin recounts how projects with pressing needs, such as reconfiguring Heathrow Airport's passenger transit system post-9/11, often act as crucibles for innovation.

The design to value approach, at its heart, is based upon the belief that there are many, many ‘ands’.The range of value drivers from financial, aesthetic, socio-environmental and processual demonstrate the breadth of belief and aspiration.

Take the example of the Ministry of Justice prison programme (a case study in our.with multiple aims of investment cost efficiency, running cost efficiency, while reducing the huge social cost of re-offending which comes with an £18Billion a year price tag to the UK economy.There was even a proposal to develop the building technology so that inmates could be involved in the programme, building their skills, and making them more employable once released.. And there are technologies being developed now that can produce net carbon negative concrete, this would have offered the Ministry of Justice programme the possibility of a carbon negative prison as well as delivering all the other benefits.. What we also forget is a fact that should motivate us and give us hope.

Renewable energy is lower in cost than fossil fuels.That’s lower in cost!

To put that in context, if the quantity of electricity used by the UK about 320 Bn KWh per year was moved from gas to offshore wind the saving would be £126Billion per year.

If you wanted a 5-year pay back with such a saving, you could afford to invest over £600Billion.In a world where everyone may need to work from home, what does that mean for designing and building flats and houses?

If every occupant has to have the space, power and connectivity to work effectively?And what will we do with that space if it’s not needed, if the occupants have jobs that can’t be done at home?.

How will we design and build offices, if there’s the possibility that they might have to be re-purposed for domestic, healthcare or manufacturing purposes?How will we adapt workspaces, ventilation, lifts and kitchens so that we can keep working if (when) new viruses arrive?